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<title>DUCS (software)</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">DUCS (software)</span></span>

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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>DUCS</b> (<b>Display Unit Control System</b>) was a teleprocessing monitor from CFS Inc.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was one of two early local <a href="Transaction_processing" title="Transaction processing">teleprocessing</a> packages for <a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>'s <a href="DOS/VSE" class="mw-redirect" title="DOS/VSE">DOS/VSE</a> environment. DUCS provided an <a href="User_interface" title="User interface">interface</a> and <a href="Access_method" title="Access method">access method</a> for programmers to 'talk' to monitors. Such access methods later became known as <a href="Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">APIs</a>.

</p><p>Initially written for the <a href="IBM_2260" title="IBM 2260">IBM 2260</a> running under DOS on IBM <a href="Mainframe_computer" title="Mainframe computer">mainframes</a>, the original product was free for IBM users. With the advent of <a href="DOS/VS" class="mw-redirect" title="DOS/VS">DOS/VS</a> and the <a href="IBM_3270" title="IBM 3270">IBM 3270</a> series terminals, the original author commercialized the product, circa 1970. The company added transparent remote access about 1972.

</p><p>The product is believed to be the first non-IBM publicly available commercial <a href="Application_software" title="Application software">software package</a> to transmit data via <a href="Satellite" title="Satellite">satellite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Application">Application</h2></div>

<p><b>DUCS </b> differed from competing products such as <a href="Westi_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Westi (software)">Westi</a> and IBM's own <a href="CICS" title="CICS">CICS</a> in that it was subordinate to the <a href="Application_software" title="Application software">application</a>'s mainline program. Westi, for example, <i>was</i> the mainline program and users wrote <a href="Subroutine" class="mw-redirect" title="Subroutine">subroutines</a> to read and write data to and from terminals and discs. This real time paradigm became known as <a href="Transaction_processing" title="Transaction processing">transaction processing</a>.

</p><p><b>DUCS </b> reversed that model in that it was, in fact, a subroutine package that read from and wrote to monitors, both local and remote. While DUCS was considerably easier to program and use, it also placed the onus of task management upon the programmer. Correctly designed, a DUCS program was faster than any competing package or access method.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2></div>

<p>Dick Goran wrote the original DOS 2260 package. Its popularity made him realize it had potential as a commercial product, and he left IBM about 1970, and incorporated in <a href="Brookline%2C_Massachusetts" title="Brookline, Massachusetts">Brookline, Massachusetts</a> as CFS, Inc.

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<p>In 1972, IBM released <a href="DOS/VS" class="mw-redirect" title="DOS/VS">DOS/VS</a> with the <a href="IBM/370" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM/370">IBM/370</a> and the first <a href="IBM_3270" title="IBM 3270">IBM 3270</a> terminals, and CFS began a rewrite for the new products. Former <a href="New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> IBMer, Leigh Lundin, wrote <b>DUCS Remote</b>, a <a href="Bi-sync" class="mw-redirect" title="Bi-sync">bi-sync</a> module to handle remote teleprocessing. The bi-sync handler was only 4k, in contrast to IBM's <a href="BTAM" class="mw-redirect" title="BTAM">BTAM</a> at 28k, <a href="QTAM" class="mw-redirect" title="QTAM">QTAM</a> at 36k, and <a href="Telecommunications_Access_Method" title="Telecommunications Access Method">TCAM</a> at 42k, and <a href="VTAM" class="mw-redirect" title="VTAM">VTAM</a> which started at 48k.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demos">Demos</h3></div>

<p>Lundin wrote games in <a href="Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a> and <a href="Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">Assembler</a> and Goran in <a href="COBOL" title="COBOL">COBOL</a> to demonstrate the API for programmers. To model IBM's new <a href="Light_pen" title="Light pen">light pen</a>, programmers contributed a simple <a href="Tic-tac-toe" title="Tic-tac-toe">tic-tac-toe</a> (<a href="Noughts_and_crosses" class="mw-redirect" title="Noughts and crosses">noughts and crosses</a>), possibly the only practical use of the subsequently discontinued light pen.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marketing">Marketing</h2></div>

<p><b>DUCS</b> was sold in North America by CFS, Inc, Brookline, Ma.

</p><p>For overseas sales, CFS engaged in both mail order and local vendors.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oX2Qc-GVSAYC&pg=PA74">"Many savings seen with on-line library use"</a>, <i>Computerworld</i>, vol. 13, no. 29, IDG Enterprise, p. 74, 16 July 1979, <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0010-4841">0010-4841</a>, <q>Needing to consolidate four different tape library systems maintaining some 900 programs, Hartman began searching for an on-line librarian compatible with his IBM 370/135, DOS/VS and Power VS configuration. By eliminating all systems that would not support his teleprocessing monitor (the Display Unit Control System [Ducs] from CFS, Inc.), Hartman was left with a choice between Marian, which supports any teleprocessing monitor, and one other system.</q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">CFS brochure, 1976</span>

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<li><a href="Execute_Channel_Program_in_Real_Storage" title="Execute Channel Program in Real Storage">EXCPVR</a></li>

<li><a href="Start_Input/Output" title="Start Input/Output">STARTIO</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Storage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Network</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

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